Compressor and electrodynamic actuating mechanism therefor



Oct. 31, 1939. F; J. VON DELDEN 2,177,795 COMPRESSOR AND ELECTRODYNAMIG ACTUA'IING MECHANISM THEREFOR Filed May 27, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 H N m E H m v QT m 7/ m J. m n a W Z M O W IL HUM W M 1939- F. J. VON DELDEN 2,177,795-

COMPRESSOR AND ELECTRODYNAMIC ACTUATING MECHANISM THEREFOR Filed May 27, 19:58 :5 Sheets-Shet a INVENTOR FLORENZ J. VON DELDEN ATTORNEY Patented a. 31, 1939 PATENT OFFICE COMPRESSOR AND ELECTRODYNAMIC AC- TUA'IING MECHANISM THEREFOR FlorenzJ. von Delden, Les Angcles, Calif. Application May 2'2 1938, Serial No. 210,416 9 Claims. iCl. 239-55) This invention relates to compressors and, more particularly, contemplates pump apparatus including mechanism for the production of two magnetic fields operable in conjunction with a pair of traveling solenoidal coils energized to a polarity alternately the same as and different from the polarity of the field magnets to reciprocate the traveling coils and a piston of a dual acting compressor with which the coils are assom ciated. The utilization of a solenoid is well known in electrically operated pumps. The solenoid is energized on alternate strokes of the piston and is operable to move the piston in one direction only. Part of the-energy transmitted by the solenoid is required to compress or extend a spring which is relied upon to return the piston between solenoidactuated strokes. Accordingly, only alternate strokes of the piston in such pumps are effective 5 for the transmission of power and much oi the energy imparted to the piston on its single power stroke must necessarily be absorbed by the actuating mechanism itself for the return stroke of the piston. The speed of the piston movement likewise depends on the strength and resiliency oi the spring. To obviate these disadvantages the spring is substituted by mechanism adapted to produce a pair of magnetic fields by alternately energized solenoids on opposite sides of the re= 3Q ciprocating magnetic driven member. It is a general object to provide apparatus of. this class having a greater power transmission value per watt required for its operation and in proportion to its size than heretofore possible.

More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a reciprocating motor comprising a pair of opposed magnetic fields of con stant polarity in combination with a non-magnetic reciprocable body disposed therebetween and carrying a pair of traveling solenoidal coils associated with respective field magnets, said coils being of opposite polarity with respect to each other but each being alternately efiective as a north and south pole due to energiation by alter- 5 nating current, whereby the field coils and the respective traveling coils will alternately attract and repel each other to actuate the reciprocable driven body.

Another object is to provide a compressor 50 adapted for dual action in simultaneously creating effective pressure and suction on each stroke of a reciprocating piston.

Another and highly important object is to provide a pump assembly employing a reciprocating 55 piston in combination with electrically actuated mechanism adapted for synchronization with the fluid pump whereby the fluid will afford a braking action on the movement of the piston at each end of its stroke to permit maximum utilization of the available power. 5

Another object is to provide a novel form of valve for the cylinder head of thepur'np.

Still another object is to provide a field magnet incorporating a non-magnetic insert to obviate the formation of a closed circuit through the walls of the magnet and thereby obviate undesirable concentration of magnetic forces and creation of parasitic frequencies.

Other objects and corresponding advantages such as greater efiiciency resulting in. economy of operation, durability, and ease of assembly, will be apparent to those of skill in the art from an examination of the following description read in the light of the accompanying drawings, in which: 2

Fig. i is a plan view of the apparatus in combination with novel form of pump mechanism, both contained in a hermetically sealed case, the top of. which is partially broken away;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the apparatus of 25 Fig. 1 showing the pump in elevation;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on lines 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fi i is a wiring diagram illustrating diagrammatically the pump and actuating mechanism therefor;

Fig. 5 is a broken section of the pump cylinder illustrating particularly one of the slots through the side wall of the cylinder through which a wrist pin extends;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the pump cylinder and closely associated parts;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on lines 1-1 of Fig. 2;

Figs. 3 and 9 are sectional views on lines 8--8 and t-Q, respectively, of Fig. 6, illustrating the valves for the cylinder heads and piston, respectively;

' case in which the apparatus of my invention is hermetically sealed, comprising a lower section It having keepers li-for spiral spring mountings l8 on which the apparatus floats, and a flanged top as section l9 bolted or otherwise secured to a flange 20 integrally formed with the upper edge of the lower section I6. The upper surface of the top section is provided with a plurality of integral parallelribs 2| to facilitate cooling of the case, as will be obvious.

A reciprocating motor and pump assembly of my invention having a capacity and arrangement particularly adapted for refrigeration units, with one form of which it is illustrated, is described as.

follows. It will be apparent that the structural principles disclosed are capable of other applications and adaptations in various modifications of the present invention.

With particular reference to Figs. 1 through 9, the reciprocating motor and pump unit is mounted on a base 22 having formed integral with its underside, keepers 23 for spring mountings 23a whichare adapted to rest on the bottom of the lower section N5 of the casing for the resilient support of the unit. A pair of oppositely disposed horseshoe magnets 24 are secured to respective ends of the base by means of screws 25 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. A section of one side of each horseshoe magnet is cut away and a fiber or brass insert 26 is provided to complete the shape of'the horseshoe for a purpose about to be described. A magnetic plate 21 connects the open ends of each horseshoe magnet 24, being secured to the edge of one side of the horseshoe by bolts 2%, and to the aligned edge of the insert 26 at the opposite side of the magnet by non-magnetic bolts 26a. Upon energization of the magnets just described, the fiber or brass insert 2% thus prevents concentration of the magnetic forces at the corners of the magnets, and eliminates parasitic frequencies. Such frequencies would otherwise make themselves known, in a device of this character, on the driver coil assembly when the alternating current to the driver or traveling coils is cut off.

Clamped between plates 2'17 and the butts 24a of the respective horseshoe magnets are hollow fiber coil bodies 29 of conventional design on which the field coils 30 are wound. An opening 3| is formed in each plate 21 concentric with and of a diameter equal to that of the bore of the fiber body 29 with which it is associated. A sleeve 32, also preferably composed of fiber, encircles each coil. The coils are connected to a source of direct current later referred to.

An iron core 33 closely fits the bore of the fiber coil body 29 of each magnet,'being held rigidly in. position by a diametrically reduced, concentric, rearward. extension 33a which is pressed into an opening formed in the butt of the magnet. The inner opposite and 33b of each core is likewise reduced in diameter to form a bevelled shoulder 34 and an annular oil chamber 35 between the core 33 and encircling coil 30 and plate 21.

Intermediate the magnets, a pump, generally indicated by numeral 36, is disposed, which comprises a horizontal cylinder 31 supported on a mounting 38 screwed to the base 22, the bore of the cylinder preferably being concentrically aligned with the bore of the fiber bodies 29 of the respective magnets. Cylinder 31 is provided with a vapor-inlet slot 38a. (Fig. 6) through its top portion. A shield 39 open at one side is secured to the cylinder over the vapor opening 38a to prevent the ingress of oil liquid contained in the case (later referred to) The ends of the cylinder 31 are closed by heads 39a hereinafter described.

A piston 4|! reciprocably disposed within the cylinder is of a substantially solid type but is provided with an axial passage 4| throughout its length. Passage 4| is in communication with slot 38a through oblique passages 42 which diverge from a common opening 43 in. the upper portion of to each end of piston 40 by a screw 45a, threaded into the ends of the central passage 4|, the edges of the valve being adapted to be raised from contact with the piston to uncover the oblique passages 44 in response to suction in the respective compression chambers between the ends of the piston and each head.

Each head 39a. is provided with a transverse passage 45 opening into the adjacent compression chamber and extending into the center of the head where it is intersected by a second passage 41 extending through the upper side of the head. The bore of each passage 46 is enlarged adjacent the point of its intersection with passage 41 to form an annular valve seat 48. Each head 39a is formed with a threaded opening 49 through its outer wall which is in axial alignment with passage 46. A triangularly-shaped plate valve 50 (Fig. 8) is normally held on seat 48'by means of a pair of helical springs 5i and 52 retained in position by a head screw 53 threaded into opening 45. Each of said springs 5| is located in a hole drilled in the center of the inner end of respective screws 53 so as to bear against the center of valve 56. The second larger spring 52 encircles a portion of the shank of the screw so as to bear against the corners of the triangularly shaped valve 50. The cylindrical wall of each head encircling each valve seat 48 provides a guide 54 for the adjacent valve. The upper end of the bore of the passage 41 in each head is threaded to receive a tube 55. Tubes 55 are connected to opposite sides of a T-fitting 56 (Fig. 1) with which a coiled conduit 51 is connected to carry vapors from the pump through the side wall of the case into a shut-off valve fitting 58 secured on the outside of the case. On the opposite side of the case, a second shut-off valve fitting 59 is similarly attached in the inlet opening of the case.

Reciprocably encircling the reduced portion of I each core is anon-magnetic hollow coil body 60 having a running fit with the core. Each body 60 is flanged at its outermost end as at 6| (Fig. 2) to form a sliding fit with the plate and the bore of the field coil body 29in which it is disposed. Coils 62 are wound on each body 29 in opposite directions with respect to each other and are energized in operation by alternating current as will be hereinafter more in detail described, to alternately create an attraction and repulsion between the coils 62 and the respective magnets 24 with which they operate; polarity of the magnets 24 being constant due to their energization by direct current. The traveling coil bodies 60 are integrally connected to a pair of central hubs 63 disposed on opposite sides of the cylinder, by means of an integral web 64. Hubs 63 are provided with concentric openings in which the opposite ends of a wrist pin 65 (Fig. 3) are rigidly secured by set screws 66; the wrist pin extending through an elongated slot 61 (Fig. 5) formed in each side of the cylinder and transversely through the middle of the piston (Fig. 6) to reciprocate the latter.

Referring particularly to Fig. 4, wires 68 and 69 lead from a source of current (not further indicated) and are preferably connected through a .tlOllS to insure their opposite polarity which changes periodically in accordance with the cycles of the alternating current supplied thereto, as

.will be obvious. The opposite ends of each coil 62 are grounded to the case as at 16. A wire l7 connected to the case completes the circuit through the winding A of the transformer.

Direct current issupplied to the magnets by the provision of a rectifier tube is of conven tional construction. B designates generally a sec- 0nd secondary winding of the transformer for the filament of the rectifier tube It. The ends of a third secondary coil C of the transformer are connected to the anodes of the tube. From the middle of the third coil C, wire '59 leads through a sealed insulator 86, carried in one end of the case adjacent insulator 13, to one end of each field coil 2 3. The current returns through wire 8 i extending through a third insulator 82 in the end of the case, to the-wire leading from the rectifier tube it to the secondary winding of the transformer iii. 'A condenser 83 of any type well known in the art is connected between the wires l9 and the Wire leading from the filament of tube ill to smooth out the pulsations occurring in the rectified alternating current.

Upon closure of the circuit through the rheostat it the field coils .of magnets 24 will be energized by a constant flow of direct current, thus maintaining the same polarity, while alternating current is supplied to the traveling coils to change the polarity of the last-named coils with each cycle of the alternating current. It will be observed that when the polarity of a traveling coil I is the same as that of the stationary magnet in which it operates, they will tend to repel one another and to move the piston in a direction away from the field coil; conversely, when the traveling coils are of diiferentpolarity with'respect to their adjacent stationary magnets, there will be a corresponding attraction between traveling and stationary coils which will move the piston on its opposite stroke. As the traveling coils are wound in opposite directions, their polarity will always be different so as to simultaneously repel and attract, alternately, the field coils of their respective stationary magnets and thereby reciprocate the piston. I

To lubricate the piston and connected reciprocating parts, andprimarily to maintain the coils cool, the case contains oil to a level indicated in dotted lines 84 of Fig. 2. Holes 85 (Fig. '7) are bored through base 22 between the point of contact of the field coils therewith and the sides of the horseshoe magnets in which the coils are wound to permit the oil to enter the zones between the base and field coils. It is also desirable to flow oil over the top of each traveling coil. For this purpose an L -fitting 86 (Fig. 2) is threaded into an axial hole 81 drilled in the center of the core '33 and opening externally of the magnet, which hole 81 is communicated with oblique pas- Flexible conductors tached on the outer end of the shaft 9i.

sages 88 opening through shoulder 34 into the oil chamber 35 between the diametrically reduced portion of the core and the field coil. A tubing 89 connected to each L-fitting 86 extends over. the top of the respective magnets and is turned downwardly in front of the plate 21, opening over the traveling coils. It will be observed that electro-magnetic impulses above alluded to will cause the traveling coils to be drawn into the oil chamber on each alternate stroke and force oil trapped inchamber 35 through passages Si and 88 of the core into thetube for ejection on the top of the traveling coils, there to absorb heat from the coils, thus, in efi'ect, providing a forced feed oiling system.

In Figs. 10 and 11, a modified form of the pumpactuating mechanism of my invention is illustrated which comprises a motor 90 of conventional construction having a rotatable driven shaft ill. The motor is mounted on base 22 within the case it (not shown), but may be elevated with respect to the pump to permit its operation above the oil level 8 1 if desired.

A counterweighted eccentric $2 is rigidly at- An eccentric pin 93 integral with eccentric 92 provides" a bearing for the strap 98 of an eccentric rod formed with a forked outer end. The bifurcations 9t of rod 95 are secured by a set screw 9'5 on opposite ends of the wrist pin 65 which extends through slot iii of the cylinder and through the piston dd, whereby rotation of shaft ill will reciprocate the piston of the pump in the manner and for the purposes described above in connection with the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 through 9.

The particular embodiments disclosed are primarily adapted for utilization in the refrigeration unit which is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 4 and particularly described as follows. Methyl chloride is supplied to the case from an evaporator Q8, later referred to, through fitting 59 where it mixes with the oil vapor from the cooling oil contained in the case. As the piston is moved, the combined oil and methyl chloride vapors are drawn into the cylinder through inlet slot 38a and, passing through passages ll, 12, and 4 in the piston, enter the enlarging compression chamber by displacing valve 55, in response to the suction created therein. On the opposite stroke, valve 45 closes and the vapor is compressed and discharged through valve 50, while a new volume of vapor is drawn into the other compression chamber of the pump in a like manner for compression and discharge on the next succeeding stroke of the piston through valve 50 of the other cylinder head. The vapor thus ejected from the pump is conveyed through the coil conduit 51 through the wall of the case and through shut-off valve fitting 58 into a pipe 99 connected to condenser coils lllll where the vapor is transformed into a liquid, thereby providing the cooling effect desired. The liquid passes into a receiver llll of any well known type from which it is conveyed, through an expansion valve I02 to the evaporator 90 where it is vaporized by a heater I03. Suction from the pump within the case is communicated through a pipe I04 connected between shut-off valve fitting 59 to evaporator 98 and assists in moving the vapors thus produced from the evaporator into the case.

While I have referredto methyl chloride as the gas which the present invention is adapted to compress, it is to be understood that modifications of the pump structure may be made for use with other fluids, but in all such embodiments it is essential that the weight of the piston, the flexibility of the valves, the adjusted compression of the springs 5| and 52, and the power available from the coils regulating the speed of piston movement be synchronized with the weight and compressibility of the particular gas to be pumped whereby the pressure of the gas incident to its compression by the piston will form a cushioned abutment for the piston at the end of each stroke before the valves in the cylinder head open, thus permitting the utilization of substantially all power of the actuating mechanism to drive the piston on each power stroke, rather than to dissipate that power by employing it as a brake to halt the piston at the end of its preceding stroke.

While I have described but two embodiments of my invention, it, will be apparent that numerous changes may be made in size, shape, design and number of the various parts to make it more adaptable for other uses, as, for example, the electro-dynamic reciprocating motor may be utilized to operate a plunger of the type with which conventional portable pneumatic hammers or chisels are equipped, without departing from the spirit of my invention as defined by the appended claims.

of the axial passage of the piston to normally close the oblique passages, each of said heads nected to said piston rod to reciprocate the piston What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a device of the character described, a base,

a pair of magnets comprising field coils mounted on said base, means to energize said field coils by direct current, a pump mounted on said base between said magnets comprising a cylinder hav-- ing a slot in its wall, a piston in said cylinder,-a wrist pin connected to said piston extending through said slot, a pair'of coil bodies connected simultaneous repulsion between the other traveling coil and the stationary coil in whichit reciprocates to reciprocate the piston.

2. In a device of the character described, a hermetically sealed case, a magnet .in said case comprising a stationary coil, means connected to said coil to pass a direct current through the same in one direction constantly, a traveling coil movable in said magnet, means connected with said traveling coil to pass an alternating current through the same, a-quantity of oil in said case to a level above the bottom of said traveling coil, a conduit from said magnet to a point over said traveling coil, reciprocation of said traveling coil in said stationary coil being adapted to force oil through said conduit for discharge on the top of the traveling coil.

3. In a device of the character described, a cylinder closed at each of its ends by a pair of hollow heads, a piston reciprocably disposed within said cylinder to form a compression chamber between each end of said piston and the respective heads, said cylinder having an intake slotin its wall and a side slot, said piston having an axial passage and thereby simultaneously draw fluid into one compression chamber and expel fluid from the other .compression chamber.

4. In a device of the character described; a pump comprising a cylinder closed at its ends by a pair of cylinder heads, said heads each having a valved outlet passage for the pump, said cylinder having an intake slot in one wall thereof, a piston reciprocably disposed in said cylinder forming a pair of compression chambers in the cylinder at opposite ends of the piston, said piston having passages therein in registry with said slot and leading, respectively, to said compression chambers, a piston rod-attached to said piston extending through a second slot in the cylinder wall, and means attached to the outer end of said piston rod to reciprocate said piston.

5. In a device of the character described, a compressor comprising a closed cylinder having a piston reciprocably disposed therein forming compression chambers in the cylinder at opposite ends of the piston, said cylinder and piston having intake passages extending through the wall of the cylinder and bifurcated through the piston to each compression chamber, means forming outlet passages from each compression chamber, and means to reciprocate said piston.

6. In a device of the character described, a horseshoe magnet having a stationary coil body therein, a coil wound on said coil body, a core within said coil of lesser diameter than said coil to form an oil chamber encircling said core, a traveling coil body movable in said stationary coil having a flange onits innermost end to form a close fit with the coil body and core, a traveling coil wound on said traveling coil body, said magnet and traveling coil being energized by two different currents to alternately magneticallrattract and repel each other, a pair of pump elements comprising a piston and cylinder, said traveling coil body being connected to one of said elements, a fluid abutment within said cylinder of predetermined pressure at opposite ends of saidpiston to halt said piston at the end of each stroke and synchronize the moving weight with the pulsations of one of the currents.

7. In a device of the character described, a horseshoe magnet having a stationary coil body therein, a coil wound on said coil body, a core within said coil of lesser diameter than said coil to form an annular oil chamber encircling said core, a traveling coil body movable in said stationary coil having a flange on its innermost end to form a close flt with the stationary coil body and core, a traveling coil wound on said traveling coil body, means to energize said coils to, alternately, the same and different polarity with respect to each other, a fluid pump comprising a cylinder and a piston in said cylinder; said traveling coilbody being connected to said piston, the stroke of said piston being limited by the fluid pumped to a length less than the distance of the piston travel independently of the limitation of such travel by the fluid between changes in polarity of the stationary and traveling coils.

8. In a device of the character described, a fluid pump comprising a cylinder and a piston forming compression chambers in, said cylinder at opposite ends of the piston, a head on each end of said cylinder, eachhaving an outlet port therein, said cylinder having an inlet slot in the wall thereof, said piston having a passage therein communicating the slot in said cylinder with the chambers in said cylinder on opposite sides of the piston, a wrist pin attached to said piston extending through a slot in the cylinder, a reciprocable member connected to said wrist pin, means to of one side wall formed of a non-magnetic material to eliminate parasitic frequencies and fluxes.

. FLORENZ J. van DEL-DEN. 

